Dasar-dasar morphology menurut Geert yang saya rangkum
dibawah ini:
“morphology, the study of the internal structure of
words, deals with the forms of lexemes (inflection), and with the ways in which
lexemes are formed (word-formation). new words are made on the basis of
patterns of form-meaning correspondence between existing words. Paradigmatic
relationships between words are therefore essential, and morphology cannot be
conceived of as ‘the syntax of morphemes’ or ‘syntax below the word level’
(ibid:14)
“the two basic functions of morphological operations
are (i) the creation of new words (i.e.new lexemes), and (ii) spelling out the
appropriate form of a lexeme in a particular syntactic context.”
“morphology serves to expand the lexicon, the set of
established words of a language, but is not the only source of lexical units,
and not even that of all complex words, which also arise through borrowing,
univerbation, and word creation.”
“The established (simplex and complex) words of a
language are listed in the lexicon, an abstract linguistic notion to be
distinguished from the notions ‘dictionary’ and ‘mental lexicon’ morphological
rules have two functions: they specify and predictable properties of the
complex words listed in the lexicon, and indicate how new words and word forms
can be made.”
“morphology as a subdiscipline of linguistics aims
at adequate language description, at the development of a proper language
typology, and at contributing to debates on the organization of grammars and
the mental representation of linguistic competence.”
Defenisi syntax:
“syntax is the study of
the principles and processes by which sentences are constructed in particular
languages. Syntactic investigation of a given language has as its goal the
construction of a grammar that can be viewed as a device of some sort for
producing the sentences of the language under analysis.”(Noam Chomsky, 2002:11)
Chomsky mengatakan
bahwa syntax adalah mata pelajaran/kuliah tentang prinsip-prinsip dan
proses-proses dimana kalimat disusun dalam bahasa tertentu. Penelitian tentang
syntax pada bahasa tertentu memiliki tujuannya tersendiri dimana susunan
grammar dapat dilihat sebagai alat untuk menghasilkan sebuah kalimat dalam
sebuah bahasa.
Pakar lain yang
menjelaskan definisi syntax adalah Matthew, dikutip oleh Van Valin dan Lapolla
(1997:1), ia mengatakan:
‘the term ‘syntax’ is from
the Ancient Greek syntaxis, a verbal noun which literally means “arrangement”
or “setting out together”. Traditionally, it refers to the branch of grammar
dealing with the ways in which words, with or without appropriate inflections,
are arranged to show connections of meaning within the sentence.’
Matthew menjelaskan bahwa istilah syntax diambil
dari noun verbal bahasa yunani kuno yang secara literlek berarti
“susunan”.umumnya, syntax mengacu pada bidang grammar yang menerangkan tentang
cara-cara bagaimana kata-kata, dengan ataupun tanpa infleksi, disusun untuk
menunjukkan hubungan makna dalam kalimat.
Senada dengan
penjelasan Matthew, Van Valin (2001:1) mengungkapkan inti tentang syntax itu
sendiri sebagai berikut:
‘First and foremost, syntax deals with how sentences
are constructed, and users of human language employ a striking variety of
possible arrangements of the element in sentences’
Menurut Van Valin hal pertama dan paling utama
adalah bahwa syntax itu membahas bagaimana kalimat itu disusun, dan syntax juga
membahas bagaimana manusia sebagai umat yang berbahasa menggunakan berbagai
variasi tentang susunan-susunan element tersebut dalam kalimat.
0 komentar:
Posting Komentar